Saturday, October 26, 2024

The Animator, January 1938

 

The second issue of The Animator is missing as of this writing, so here is the third edition from the start of January 1938. Snow White had its Carthay Circle premiere and would have its general release the following month.

The Animator provided an avenue for sharing industry news with Guild members, outside of the usual trade journals such as Variety, The Film Daily, et. al., chiefly Ub Iwerks’s upcoming series of “Gran’Pop Monkey” cartoons based on the illustrations by Lawson Wood. Contrary to what the newsletter persists, twenty-four cartoons - not fifty - were planned, but according to The Film Daily, only three were completed by the end of 1938, with no more produced. 


The newsletter also proudly declares its objective: “The Screen Cartoon Guild is the only bonafide organization representing all of the studios in the animated cartoon industry.”

Though she is unnamed in the newsletter, the home address of Schlesinger employee/Guild secretary Charlotte Darling, appears again at the bottom of the document. 

Courtesy of Mark Kausler. 

_______

 
Now, here’s issue number 4, from January 21, 1938. 

“Looney Tunes” in color? Charles McKimson joins MGM! New model sheets for Scrappy! By then, the Screen Cartoon Guild’s membership expanded, mainly from artists at Walter Lantz.

 

As you'll see on the left hand column, the writer heavily criticizes the anti-union organization The Neutral Thousands (initialized as TNT), established in 1937, and Harman-Ising's "sudden and inconvenient" shutdowns, which laid off many of its artists. 
 
In their “Exposure Sheet” column, the Guild newsletter offers exclusive tidbits otherwise undocumented in the trades, frequently providing the only clue as to one’s career path in animation. We’ve previously seen that Charles (“Chuck”), the youngest McKimson brother, started in animation as early as 1933 at Harman-Ising; now, we see that Charles joined MGM’s cartoon department (which opened months earlier in August 1937.) It is uncertain how long Charles worked at MGM and in what capacity—assistant or full animator is my educated guess. At any rate, Chuck joined Leon Schlesinger as a full-fledged animator in Tex Avery’s unit, receiving his first on-screen credit in Land of the Midnight Fun (1939).

The name “Peter Paige” escapes me, but it might be Peter Page, who became a Disney storyman by 1939. (David Gerstein and JB Kaufman, Mickey Mouse: The Ultimate History, pp. 321-322.)

The newsletter references Boy Meets Dog, Walter Lantz’s commercial film for Ipana Toothpaste, the “nationally known molar grease company” in question. Like Disney borrowed Harman-Ising’s inkers and painters for Snow White, Leon Schlesinger allowed Walter to use his ink-and-paint staff to meet the sponsored cartoon’s deadline.
 
 
Background painter John Waltz, a name brought to my attention by Steven Hartley years ago, was profiled on Tralfaz. Perhaps Waltz was hired at MGM to do background paintings, as well? 
 
As many animation fans are aware, the Looney Tunes continued in black-and-white until 1942’s The Hep Cat, directed by Bob Clampett. An original release print of the series’ color debut has not survived, more commonly seen in its 1949 “Blue Ribbon” reissue.

Lew Landsman’s departure from Schlesinger’s is worthy of note. A storyman for Schlesinger, Landsman received only one screen credit there (see left). Later, Lew returned to Leon Schlesinger’s—the studio’s internal house organ, also named The Exposure Sheet, announced his second departure in approximately February 1939. In fact, a September 1945 issue of Top Cel shares that Lew found a job at Famous Studios in New York (no occupation is specified.) 
 
For its final anecdote, the newsletter proclaims 1938 as a “banner year” for Mickey Mouse, who Donald Duck eclipsed, and Walt knew it. On January 10, 1938, renowned musical conductor Leopold Stokowski recorded an orchestration of Paul Dukas’s “The Sorcerer’s Apprentice” for a “special” Mickey Mouse comeback vehicle; its development began as early as May 1937. (Barrier, Hollywood Cartoons)  
 
 
Courtesy of CSUN Northridge Archives, Motion Picture Screen Cartoonists Guild, Local 839 Collection. Special thanks to David Sigler for providing this document.

Friday, October 25, 2024

The Animator, 1937

 
Presenting the first issue of the West Coast animation union publication, “The Animator.” (The newsletter later changed its name to “The Peg-Board” by the early 1960s.)

The Fleischer Studios Strike, animation’s first major labor dispute, lasted five months from May to October 1937. The strikers’ victorious compromise with the company spurred American animation studios on the West Coast to engage in organized labor activity. (Earlier attempts were made to unionize animation on both Coasts in the 1920s and early 1930s, but were unsuccessful.)

Note how, in its primordial stages, the organization labels itself as the “Screen Cartoon Guild,” later altered to the Screen Cartoonists’ Guild. Dated November 26, 1937, the newsletter circulated three weeks before the premiere date of Walt Disney’s Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, his first full-length feature production. You’ll also notice a vehement opposition to the IATSE (International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees) under Mafia leadership in 1937; IATSE is a parent union to The Animation Guild (TAG) today.

“Miss Darling,” the secretary of the Screen Cartoon Guild, is Charlotte Darling (1914-1990), a Schlesinger employee at the time. More on her in a future installment…

I’ll submit more “The Animator” issues for all to view. While only a marginal collection, the search for these rare materials continues.

Courtesy of Mark Kausler, who provided this document from Hugh Harman’s papers.

Tuesday, October 15, 2024

Harman-Ising Employees, Late 1937/Early 1938

[Author’s note: this blog will profile a few of the Harman-Ising employees listed on the roster below in future posts.]

Following the 1933 Harman-Ising payroll records, we jump forward to 1937, during the arduous period when Hugh and Rudy’s distributor, MGM, terminated its contract with their studio in February after a three-year arrangement.

Here is a handwritten employee sheet, dated approximately September 1937, when the studio closed after a legal dispute with Metro over cartoons that had yet to be delivered. Meanwhile, Walt Disney’s Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was in an urgent rush to meet its December premiere, so Walt borrowed all thirty of Harman-Ising’s inkers and painters, along with background artists Don Schaffer and Art Riley. In return, Disney outsourced a Silly Symphony, Merbabies, to Harman and Ising, keeping them financially afloat. 
 

An annotated guide listing the artists on the sheet, including the top margins of the first page. (The "IB" signifies an in-betweener, and the "A" close to Anthony "Tony" Pabian's name implies an assistant animator, but the "C" label next to Bill Tracy and Sandy Walker's names puzzles me.)

Story Department
Jonathan “Mo” Caldwell
Jack Cosgriff
Charles McGirl
Jerry Brewer

Music
Scott Bradley
Barbara Wirth [exposure sheets]
Clarence Wheeler

Backgrounds
Don Schaffer [loaned by Disney until November 1, 1937]
Art Riley [loaned by Disney until November 1, 1937]
Bob Gentle

Layout
John Niendorff
Don Smith
Maurice “Jake” Day
Lee Blair [color stylist]
Martin Provensen

Animation
Jim Pabian
Mel Shaw
Carl Urbano
Pete Burness
Rollin Hamilton
Tom McKimson
Lee Blair
Manuel Moreno
Tony Pabian
Frank Tipper
Merle Gilson
George Grandpre
Paul Murphy
Dick Marion
Thomas Byrne

 
Assistant Animators
Casey Onaitis
Mike Lah
William Smith
Al Coe
Francis Smith
Bill Tracy
Sandy Walker
Edwin Fourcher
Ernest Lynch

In-Between Dept.
Jack Miller
Thurston Harper
Al Pabian
Dick Kinney
Thomas Barnes
George Miller
Pepe Ruiz
Tom Armstrong
Frank Scheidenberger
Al Bertino
Alden Bicheno

Camera
Herman F. Ising
Max Ising
Paul Sprunck [effects]
 
Misc.
Walter Elliott [sound technician]
L. R. Weckerly [office accountant]
H. McLemore [secretary]
Lenore Cady [office]
Gwendolyn Wells
Harry Binder [maintenance]
James Cook [photography]
Howard Hanson
Jerry Baldwin 
A. H. Pickett 
F. S. Patterson
 
________
  
Here is a Harman-Ising employees' contract list, which also lists staffers not under contract "to whom notices were sent on 9-30-37." 
 

________
 
Harman-Ising’s business manager, Gordon Wilson, issued this notice to the animation department. The two columns are divided between animator and assistant animator. Note that animators Frank Tipper, Merle Gilson, George Grandpre, Paul Murphy, Dick Marion, Thomas Byrne are not present in the document, indicating that they were laid off from H-I. Surviving studio production papers imply that Frank, Merle, and George quickly found jobs at Walter Lantz.

Thanks to Mark Kausler for lending the production materials for this post.

Monday, October 14, 2024

Harman-Ising Staff, Autumn 1933

In early 1933, Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising split their business relationship with Leon Schlesinger. Leon decided to open a new studio that summer, leaving Harman and Ising without work. Hugh and Rudy subcontracted work from the Van Beuren Corporation on a trio of cartoons with Cubby Bear. Harman-Ising then commissioned an animated sequence of the Walrus and the Carpenter in Paramount’s all-star adaptation of Alice in Wonderland.

For this post, Mark Kausler provided an essential document from Harman’s papers: a typewritten list of Harman-Ising employees on the studio payroll during the hiatus between the end of Hugh and Rudy’s contract with Schlesinger and the start of their MGM release in early 1934. Bob Clampett, the first recruit in Leon’s new studio, is absent from the personnel sheet. Also, note that Hugh, Rudy, and animators Rollin “Ham” Hamilton and Carmen “Max” Maxwell had relatives on staff at H-I.

Notably, the payroll records specify that Hugh and Rudy highly valued Isadore “Friz” Freleng and Ham Hamilton—Freleng at $225 a week and Hamilton at $200 a week. [In 2024 US currency, Friz: $5,457.13; Ham: $4,850.78.]

In future posts, this blog will profile a few of the Harman-Ising employees listed on the roster below.


An annotated guide that lists when various H-I staffers left the payroll:

September 14
Paul Conlon

September 19
Herman F. Ising

September 24
Frank Marsales [received a check for Cubby Bear #3 (Mischievous Mice) on November 6, 1933]

September 27
Jonathan “Mo” Caldwell
Otto Englander
Friz Freleng
Rita Gulick
Walker Harman

September 28

Don Smith

September 29
Rollin Hamilton
Larry Martin
Bob McKimson
Larry Silverman

September 30
Sandy Walker

October 2
Tom McKimson
Bob Stokes

October 3
Norm Blackburn

October 4
Bob Allen
Tom Byrne
Hugh Harman
Murray Hudson
Rudolf Ising
Charles McKimson
Mel Shaw
Francis Smith
Paul Smith
Gladys Stout
Elmer Wait
James Williams

October 5
Idelle G. Berkson 
Lillian Freleng
Dale Lemon
Carman Maxwell
Jack Maxwell
Irene Urban (née Hamilton, Rollin Hamilton’s sister)

October 7
Marie Coffey 
Lawrence "Art" Goble
Howard Hanson
James Hazell 
Anna McCaskill
Melvin Millar
Irene “Pee-Wee” Wyman

October 9
Bill Hanna

October 11
Max Ising

Special thanks to Mark Kausler for providing the rare production materials for this post.